We tested AD-related factors (clinical AD dementia [ADD] or mild cognitive impairment [MCI], APOE ε4 carriers, older age), demographics (e.g., sex, racial identity), and medical history of dementia risk factors, including hearing loss, high LDL cholesterol, depression, traumatic brain injury (TBI), diabetes, hypertension, obesity, and visual loss/impairment26,27. Here, APOE is linked to diabetes mellitus.