VEGFA and endothelial dysfunction: Although findings on miR-196a-5p were mostly related to cancer research as a proto-oncogenic miRNA, there were growing evidences on the involvement of this miRNA in endothelial dysfunction as the overexpression of miR-196a-5p suppressed cell proliferation, and reduced the expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), an angiogenesis key regulator in endothelial cells (Tong et al., 2024; Pin et al., 2012).