Notably, 16 genes (CLDN5, GLP2R, TMPRSS6, MPP2, SorCS1, CNGA3, MYO3A, SEMA3E, ABCB5, ASPA, NRG2, SEMA3D, SLC11A1, RERG, VPS45, CBX6) have been reported to be associated with CRC development (Hua et al., 2017; Guo et al., 2018; Sun et al., 2020; Alghamdi and Al-Zahrani, 2023). Here, ASPA is linked to colorectal carcinoma.