VEGFA and neoplasm: 1. Mechanical obstruction: Tumor growth compresses iris root, narrows anterior chamber angle, and causes pupillary block; tumor-released TGF-β2 promotes trabecular meshwork (TM) fibrosis. 2. Neovascularization: Tumor-secreted VEGF activates HIF-1α signaling pathway, inducing neovascularization in iris and anterior chamber angle. 3. Inflammation: Tumor-associated IL-6, TNF-α disrupt blood-aqueous barrier, leading to protein exudation and TM fibrosis.