The data reviewed in this study identified potentially severe AEs such as reactive arthritis in typhoid-CHIM (13), elevated AST and ALT levels in CHIMs for cholera (16), influenza (24), RSV (35), dengue (40), malaria (45, 46, 48, 50, 51), or excessive diarrhea in enteric infection models, which required medical intervention related to the infection with the challenge agent such as administration of intravenous fluids and antibiotics. Here, GPT is linked to infection.