Peptide-based vaccines such as PEP-CMV from a 26-amino acid peptide of the human pp65 cytomegalovirus antigen are under investigation in younger patients, and UCPvax, which targets TERT in unmethylated MGMT GBM patients, elicits strong anti-TERT CD4 + T-cell responses, with a median overall survival of 17.9 months (Thompson et al. 2024; Carpentier et al. 2023). Here, MGMT is linked to glioblastoma.