TNF and Hepatic fibrosis: Regarding the identified phenolic acids; caffeic acid (1), ferulic acid (4) and chlorogenic acid (7), could inhibit HSC activation, and downregulate fibrogenetic factors in CCl4-induced liver fibrosis, mediated via inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways as well as various cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, iNOS, and COX-2 [84,85].