Prior research on basal oxytocin levels in BPD shows inconsistent results, with some studies reporting lower plasma or serum oxytocin levels and reduced receptor expression compared to healthy controls (Bertsch et al. 2013; Carrasco et al. 2020; Ebert et al. 2018), while others found no significant group differences (Bomann et al. 2017; Bonfig et al. 2022). The gene discussed is OXT; the disease is Borderline personality disorder.