While anti-centromere antibodies (ACA) are predominantly linked with lcSSc and a higher likelihood of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), anti-topoisomerase I antibodies (ATA) are often associated with dcSSc and an increased risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD), and anti-RNA polymerase III antibodies (ARA) are associated with rapid skin thickening, and increased risk of renal crisis7. This evidence concerns the gene ATM and interstitial lung disease.