NFE2L2 and neoplasm: As cell-cell communication plays a critical role in promoting immune cell effector functions, and NRF2 activation plays a significant role in the regulation of inflammatory gene expression [50, 63], we hypothesized that, in addition to regulating oxidative stress, NRF2 induction in immune cells may impact the cellular composition of the tumour through the modulation of cytokine and chemokine gene expression.