In the HCC cell lines MHCC97L and Hep3b, arsenic trioxide-based nanoparticles reduce tumor spheroid formation in vitro and tumor initiation in vivo by inhibiting the expression of hepatic CSC markers (CD133, SOX2, and OCT4), modulating EMT indicators (E-cadherin, vimentin, and Slug), and regulating the SHP-1/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway [162]. Here, SOX2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.