Very-high-risk CKD was defined according to KDIGO risk classification: eGFR < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 regardless of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR); eGFR < 45 ml/min/1.73 m2 and uACR > 30 mg albumin/g creatinine; or eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and uACR > 300 mg/g. Here, ALB is linked to chronic kidney disease.