TP53 and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor have profound effects on tumor genomic structure, gene expression profiles, and clinical outcomes, especially in ESCC, according to previous studies.46,68–70 In particular, many KYSE series ESCC cells, including KYSE410 and KYSE510 cells, harbor TP53 mutations.71 While small molecules that restore mutant p53 tumor-suppressor activity are being explored as potential therapeutic agents, the clinical efficacy of these p53 activators remains controversial.