Taurine inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and ATF4 transcriptional activity and consequently suppresses the expression of exhaustion markers in CD8+ T cells.60 Itaconate activates the intratumoral NRF2‒SLC7A11 pathway to promote immune-induced ferroptosis.61 Supplementation with nucleosides can impair the degree of radiation-induced DNA damage and tumor cytotoxicity by suppressing γH2AX activation.62 The exact effects of metabolites on signaling pathways are underexplored because of the limitations of methodologies used in scientific research. This evidence concerns the gene ATF4 and neoplasm.