We assessed the effects of the ALDOA Y174A, Y302A, Y328A, and ACLY Y542A mutants on downstream tumor-promoting and DNA replication molecules, including MCM3, MCM4, MCM5, MCM6, MCM7, CDC45, IL6, IL11, CCND1, CCNE1, CDK2, and CDK6, in primary ESCC cells (Fig. 4a).45–48 The levels of these genes were lower in primary ESCC cells transfected with ACLY Y542A than in nontransfected control cells (Fig. 4a). Here, CCND1 is linked to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.