STAT3 and neoplasm: Taurine inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation and ATF4 transcriptional activity and consequently suppresses the expression of exhaustion markers in CD8+ T cells.60 Itaconate activates the intratumoral NRF2‒SLC7A11 pathway to promote immune-induced ferroptosis.61 Supplementation with nucleosides can impair the degree of radiation-induced DNA damage and tumor cytotoxicity by suppressing γH2AX activation.62 The exact effects of metabolites on signaling pathways are underexplored because of the limitations of methodologies used in scientific research.