HSPCs were transduced using a lentiviral vector encoding: (1) a pair of NKT TCR α and β chains; (2) a CAR construct targeting CD70, utilizing the natural CD70 ligand CD27 as the binding domain30,31; and (3) soluble human IL-15, known to enhance in vivo persistence and functionality, as demonstrated in clinical trials using GD2-directed CAR-NKT cells for neuroblastoma (Figure 2B).32 Here, IL15 is linked to neuroblastoma.