Moreover, autophagy plays a crucial role in enabling cancer cell survival under conditions of starvation and hypoxia [43]; thus, to evaluate if silencing ATG4D genes may disrupt this survival mechanism and promote cancer cell death, osteosarcoma cells transduced with nontargeting shRNA or ATG4D‐targeting shRNA were cultured in a 3D NanoCulture Plate (NCP). Here, ATG4D is linked to osteosarcoma.