TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Using a bleomycin (BLM)-induced mouse model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, we assessed the therapeutic impact of MMDD on pulmonary fibrosis; concurrently, Ophiopogonin-D (OP-D), a principal active ingredient of MMDD, was evaluated in an in vitro human fetal lung fibroblast model treated with transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) to elucidate its precise anti-fibrotic mechanism; finally, multi-omics technologies and bioinformatics analyses were employed for comprehensive validation.