AFP and neoplasm: Baseline clinical profiles were systematically characterized through demographic parameters (age, sex), biochemical markers (serum albumin [ALB], total bilirubin [TBIL], prealbumin [PALB], microalbuminuria [MALB], prothrombin time [PT], international normalized ratio [INR], prothrombin time activity [PTA], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), serum tumor biomarkers (alpha-fetoprotein [AFP], carbohydrate antigen 19 − 9 [CA19-9], carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA]), and disease staging systems (BCLC, Child-Pugh stage).