Although the mechanisms regulating monocytes differ between Lrrk2 G2019S (a common genetic variant linked to increased risk of PD) and loss-of-function mutations in PINK1 (rare recessive mutations associated with early-onset PD)61, our collective work highlights the involvement of two distinct PD-related genes in reprogramming of the immune response to infection. This evidence concerns the gene LRRK2 and Parkinson disease.