HAMP and anemia: Although the role of hepcidin in anaemia caused by inflammation has been previously addressed, there are several specific interactions between tuberculosis, iron levels and anaemia (appendix p. 30).36,156 Excess iron significantly boosts the growth of M. tuberculosis in laboratory settings and in mouse models (appendix p. 30)157, and in humans, a diet rich in iron is linked to a greater risk of developing tuberculosis.158 However, both ID and anaemia are associated with higher mortality rates in tuberculosis patients.159