Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the primary cause of death globally from a single infectious disease, resulting in 10 million new cases and 1·5 million deaths annually.154 Anaemia is a frequent occurrence in tuberculosis, affecting up to 88% of patients (appendix p. 29).155 The development of anaemia in tuberculosis is influenced by multiple factors, but hepcidin-driven functional ID is typically predominant.156. This evidence concerns the gene HAMP and anemia (phenotype).