This inhibits the activity of pro-apoptotic factors such as JNK and C/EBP-homologous protein (CHOP), and downregulates the levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3, thereby inhibiting apoptosis of cortical penumbra neurons induced by ER stress and alleviating paralysis or spasticity after ischemic stroke (Zhang Y. et al., 2023). Here, MAPK8 is linked to ischemic stroke.