IL-1β also binds to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3) signaling, which through NF-κB upregulates the sustained production and activation of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) (132, 133), which promotes endothelial-mesenchymal transition (End-MT), resulting in the gradual loss of endothelial cell morphology and function, and the acquisition of mesenchymal cells, and the loss of endothelial cell morphology and function, which acquires a mesenchymal cell or myofibroblast phenotype (134), regulating the development of myocardial fibrosis after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (135). Here, FGF2 is linked to acute myocardial infarction.