In chronic stress model, microglia can induce anxiety and depression by reducing the expression of NKAα1 on microglia membrane, increasing free P2 × 7R, triggering potassium outflow, activating NLRP3 inflammatory signal, releasing IL-1β and other factors; inhibiting microglia inflammatory response can reverse neuroregeneration disorder and anxiety-like behavior (Huang et al., 2024). The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is major depressive disorder.