In HNSCC, PVT1 functions as an oncogene by stabilizing MYC, suppressing tumor suppressors (e.g., p21, PTEN), and facilitating cell cycle progression, angiogenesis, and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy (Li et al., 2024b; Zhao, et al., 2024). Here, PTEN is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.