Immune-inflammatory responses: (1) The supplementation of exogenous succinates leads to a significant increase in inflammatory responses, thereby aggravating ARDS. (2) Activate HIF-1α-mediated inflammation in lung contusion. (3) Enhanced mitochondrial oxidative stress promotes cell apoptosis in the process of lung ischemia-reperfusion injury. The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is acute respiratory distress syndrome.