Their pathological mechanism mainly stems from overexpression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) caused by retinal ischemic diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion, which in turn leads to the formation of abnormal neovascularization in the iris and anterior chamber angle, ultimately resulting in angle adhesion, closure, and a sharp increase in intraocular pressure (Rittiphairoj et al., 2023). The gene discussed is VEGFA; the disease is diabetic retinopathy.