EGFR and cancer: The first mechanism is direct, in which the antibody targets the growth factor receptor, blocking its ligand binding or manipulating its activity.62 For example, cetuximab is an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody that induces programmed cell death in cancer tissues by interfering with ligand binding and receptor dimerization.63 Indirect mechanisms of mAbs necessitate the involvement of the host's immune system components.