AFP and neoplasm: Multivariate analysis confirmed that age (HR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.04, p<0.001), mALBI grade 2b or 3 (HR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.16–2.12, p=0.004), multiple nodules (HR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.15–2.01, p=0.003), tumor diameter ≥4 cm (HR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.17–1.99, p=0.002), presence of MVI (HR: 2.05, 95% CI: 1.44–2.92, p<0.001), serum AFP ≥100 ng/mL (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.21–2.08, p<0.001), and serum DCP ≥100 mAU/mL (HR: 1.85, 95% CI: 1.40–2.45, p<0.001) were independently associated with poorer OS.