<h4>Background</h4>De novo epidermal growth factor receptor-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EGFR-ALK) and EGFR-ROS proto-oncogene 1 (EGFR-ROS1) co-mutations in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), conditions traditionally considered mutually exclusive. This evidence concerns the gene ROS1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.