A study revealed that ketoconazole, a broad-spectrum antifungal agent, activates PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy by downregulating cyclooxygenase-2, and exerts a synergistic inhibitory effect on HCC when combined with ketoconazole, offering a potential strategy to overcome sorafenib resistance (114). Here, PTGS2 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.