According to previous studies, L‐1β/IL‐1R1 signaling on microglia, astrocytes, and endothelial cells triggers NF‐κB/MAPK signaling, driving neuroinflammation, BBB disruption, and neurodegeneration [53]; however, L‐1β/IL‐1R1 signaling neuron additionally modulates synaptic plasticity (e.g., enhancing NMDA receptor function, altering ion channels) and circuit activity, influencing memory, mood, and excitability, with dysregulation linked to cognitive and psychiatric disorders [54, 55]. Here, IL1R1 is linked to psychiatric disorder.