Building on the role of GM‐CSF in promoting dendritic cell/macrophage accumulation and maturation to enhance antigen presentation and T cell priming,[99] combined delivery with PD‐L1 and CTLA‐4 nanobodies targets immune initiation, activation, and effector checkpoints to reprogram the tumor microenvironment for sustained antitumor immunity. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is neoplasm.