As RNA cargo in EVs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, dynamically modulates PTEN levels in tumor and stromal cells, further shaping the tumor microenvironment and cancer progression, we believe that modulating the tumor microenvironment and controlling cancer progression could be achieved by targeting the PTEN-suppressive cargo within EVs, suggesting a promising therapeutic strategy. The gene discussed is PTEN; the disease is neoplasm.