NPPA and prostate carcinoma: Vesely and colleagues [33] verified the influence exerted by four peptide hormones encoded through the expression of the ANP gene (Long-acting Natriuretic PAeptide, Vasodilator, Diuretic Peptide, and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide) on PCa, and found that all four peptide hormones dose-dependently inhibited prostate cancer cells at increasing concentrations (PC- 3 lineage), with vasodilator having the strongest effect, followed by ANP, kaliuretic peptide and LANP.