The MSCs from HCs reduced the proportion of autologous T cells expressing IL-17 (Th17, p = 0.046), IFN-γ (Th1, p = 0.03), and GM-CSF (p = 0.012), whereas MSCs from patients with MS had an opposite effect, increasing both autologous Th17 cells (p = 0.01) and GM-CSF–expressing T cells (p = 0.03), with no changes in Th1 cell abundance. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.