We previously identified the Ca2+-binding protein S100A9 as an anti-diabetic agent able to improve hyperglycemia (by stimulating glucose uptake in SkM (37)), hyperketonemia (by suppressing hepatic fatty acid oxidation via Toll-Like Receptor 4 [TLR4] expressed in hepatic non-parenchymal cells (35)), and hypertriglyceridemia (via an unknown mechanism) caused by ID. The gene discussed is TLR4; the disease is hypertriglyceridemia.