TGFB1 and neoplasm: Using bacterial abundance data, we developed a microbiota-based prognostic model to calculate a "risk score." Patients with high-risk scores exhibited poorer prognosis and increased metastatic potential, driven by the activation of tumor metastasis-related signaling pathways, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, KRAS, and TGFβ signaling.