TGFB1 and chronic pancreatitis: The TGF‐β/ Smad3 signaling pathway plays a pivotal role not only in regulating fibrosis but also in controlling the MMT progress.[28, 29] Targeting Smad3‐regulated pathways may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for fibrotic diseases.[27] Our findings demonstrate that Smad3 upregulation is a critical mediator of the MMT process in chronic pancreatitis CP.