CD8A and neoplasm: showed that the presence of mature TLSs is associated with improved objective response rates, progression‐free survival, and overall survival, regardless of PD‐L1 expression status or CD8+ T cell density, in a large‐scale retrospective analysis.[253] These studies establish that TLSs functionally contribute to tumor control by orchestrating local adaptive immune responses, while their presence and maturation status may serve as biomarkers, both predicting patient outcomes and monitoring therapeutic efficacy of immunomodulatory regimens.