VHL and neoplasm: All these factors are normally produced in response to hypoxia‐induced accumulation of hypoxia inducible factor α (HIF‐α) and are responsible for tumor cell proliferation, survival, and tumor angiogenesis by acting on the neighboring vascular cells.[35] In physiological states, the VHL‐HIF‐α pathway maintains oxygen homeostasis in cells and tissues through oxygen‐dependent dynamic regulatory mechanisms.