RPS6KB1 and cardiac hypertrophy: Testosterone promotes cardiac hypertrophy through multiple signaling pathways, including mTORC1/S6K1, CaMKII/MEF2, and calcineurin-NFAT pathways, which activate pro-hypertrophic gene expression and protein synthesis (Altamirano et al., 2009; Duran et al., 2017; Wilkins and Molkentin, 2004).