TNF and diabetes mellitus: 1.TNF-α ≥1.7, AGEs ≥11.4, and IL-6 ≥3.5 are important predictive factors for distinguishing DCM from DM-N. 2. Combined markers (TNF-α + IL-6 + AGEs) exhibit an AUC of 0.924, a sensitivity of 84.8%, and a specificity of 88.2%.