CHI3L1 and familial dilated cardiomyopathy: In a multicenter cohort study, it was observed that CHI3L1/YKL-40 was significantly elevated in the serum of patients with DCM, and its levels correlated with markers of myocardial fibrosis (e.g., PIIINP) and myocardial scar area as detected via Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (CMR) (18).