GSEA showed that the genes in the high-risk group from both cohorts were significantly enriched in several hallmark pathways, including Jak-Stat signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway (KEGG), glycosaminoglycan metabolism, interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 signaling (Reactome), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer, and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway (WikiPathways) (Figures 4C, D). This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and colorectal cancer.