Figure 3G presents confocal IF images of a representative MOD3 microtumor cultured for 96 hours, revealing abundant CD45+ TILs in the microtumors. On the other hand, the co-culture of microtumors with PBMCs at the same anti-PD-1 dose resulted in a minimal response, possibly due to the presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells within the PBMCs (40, 41), potentially dampening the anti-tumor effect (42, 43). This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.