CFTR and cystic fibrosis: Moreover, three decades after the earlier venture to treat cystic fibrosis via gene therapy, the first human trial involving CFTR-targeting therapy with a lentiviral vector began in 2024, utilizing a Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-derived lentiviral vector pseudotyped with Sendai virus (SeV) fusion (F) and hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) envelope proteins [147].