TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: It has also indicated that TNF is a crucial pro-inflammatory cytokine in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, inhibiting ferroptosis by upregulating solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC), thereby enhancing cysteine uptake and cellular glutathione (GSH) biosynthesis [53].