While SPINK protein like SPINK 1 is known to drive tumorigenesis in pancreatic, PC, and CRC by activating signalling pathways like PI3K/AKT, Wnt/β-catenin, JAK/STAT, and NF-κB, other members, such as SPINK 5 and 13, have been reported as tumor suppressors in certain contexts, adding a layer of complexity to therapeutic targeting [10,205]. Here, AKT1 is linked to neoplasm.