APEX1 and rheumatoid arthritis: Exogenous APEX1, through its effects on PI3K and NF-κB, additionally supported mitochondrial function and mitigated the aggressive phenotype of RA-FLSs [40], while resveratrol elicited suppression of IL-1β, IL-6, MMP-3 expression, and cell proliferation via the PI3K/AKT pathway [41].