TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Notably, multifunctional hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and gold nanoparticles (HA-Au@RGD/triptorelin) with NIR activation enable targeted drug accumulation in inflamed tissues (resulting in a 6.4-fold increase in fluorescence signal), pronounced reduction in RA-FLS proliferation by 35–54%, and decreased p-mTOR and p-p70S6K activity by 38–54%; cytokine expression (IL-6, TNF-α) was reduced by 20–60% at one-third the dose compared to traditional regimens [65].