TNF and Crohn disease: TH: transmural healing; Anti-TNFα: anti-tumor necrosis factor α; IUS: intestinal ultrasound; BWT: bowel wall thickness; CD: Crohn’s disease; IFX: infliximab; ADA: adalimumab; MH: mucosal healing; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; NH: non-healing; CTE: computer tomography enterography; VDZ: vedolizumab; ASUC: acute severe ulcerative colitis; RCT: randomized control trial; CDS: color Doppler signal; BWS: bowel wall stratification; i-fat: inflammatory fat; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; and MaRIA: Magnetic Resonance Index of Activity.