NOS2 and neoplasm: According to Zhen et al., fullerene derivatives like β-alanine-modified gadofullerene (GF-Ala) polarized immunosuppressive M2-type macrophages towards the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype, reducing expression of CD206, an M2-like tumor-associated macrophage marker, and increasing the expression of IL-12, CD86, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) [135].