CTLA4 and tuberculosis: In HIV-TB co-infected individuals, we observed that the frequencies of CD4+ T cells co-expressing TIM-3 and PD-1, TIM-3 and LAG-3, TIM-3 and CTLA-4, TIGIT and LAG-3, TIGIT and CTLA-4, PD-1 and LAG-3, PD-1 and CTLA-4 and LAG-3 and CTLA-4 (Figure 7B–D,F–J, respectively) as well as CD8+ T cells (Figure 8B–D,F–J, respectively) and TIM-3+ TIGIT+ CD4+ T cells (Figure 7A) were significantly higher as compared to HIV mono-infected individuals.